Which term describes compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite negative consequences?

Which term describes compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite negative consequences?

• A. Dependence
• B. Withdrawal
• C. Addiction
• D. Tolerance

Answer: (C)

Compulsive drug seeking despite harm reflects a loss of control over drug use driven by changes in brain circuits that regulate reward, motivation, and decision-making. This pattern is addiction, which involves continued use and craving even when there are negative consequences. It goes beyond simple physical adaptation or avoidance of withdrawal, capturing the ongoing, self-defeating behavior and difficulty stopping. Dependence refers to the body's adaptation that leads to withdrawal symptoms if the drug is stopped. Withdrawal is the set of symptoms experienced when stopping. Tolerance means needing higher doses to achieve the same effect due to pharmacodynamic changes. So, the best fit for compulsive seeking despite harm is addiction.

Compulsive drug seeking despite harm reflects a loss of control over drug use driven by changes in brain circuits that regulate reward, motivation, and decision-making. This pattern is addiction, which involves continued use and craving even when there are negative consequences. It goes beyond simple physical adaptation or avoidance of withdrawal, capturing the ongoing, self-defeating behavior and difficulty stopping. Dependence refers to the body's adaptation that leads to withdrawal symptoms if the drug is stopped. Withdrawal is the set of symptoms experienced when stopping. Tolerance means needing higher doses to achieve the same effect due to pharmacodynamic changes. So, the best fit for compulsive seeking despite harm is addiction.